Statistical Methods
 
LEARNING OUTCOMES
 
Knows the historical evolution of statistics; Understand statistic information; Solve problems based on statistical information adequately; Use statistical techniques which are appropriate for the analysis of data; understand the fundamentals of statistical methods, based essentially on the type of data; develop competences regarding the use of statistical software which is appropriate for the analysis of data, namely through SPSS.
STUDY PROGRAMME
 
I - The object of statistics: fundamental concepts
1. Historical evolution of statistics
2. The object of statistics
3. Population and sample
4. Censuses and surveys
II - The level of measures
1. The variables
2. Measurement scales
III - Univariate descriptive statistics
1. Distribution of frequencies
2. Central tendency measures
3. Dispersion measures
4. Skewness and kurtosis
5. Normal distribution
6. Analysis and data representation
IV -Statistical decision theory: Fundamental concepts
1. The concept of probability
2. Confidence intervals
3. Statistical hypothesis
4. Significance
5. Correlation
a. Bravais-Pearson product-moment and Spearman's Rank Rho
6. Parametric and non-parametric tests
a. Student t-test (related and unrelated design)
b. Variance analysis
c. Mann-Whitney U test d. Wilcoxon test
e. McNemar test
f. Chi-square test g. Cochran Q test
h. Kruskall-Wallis test
BIBLIOGRAPHY
 
Bisquera, R.; Sarriera, J.C; Martínez, B. (2004). Introdução à estatística - Enfoque Informático com o pacote estatístico SPSS. São Paulo: Artmed editora.
Bryman, A. & Cramer, D. (2003). Análise de dados em ciências sociais: Introdução às técnicas utilizando o
SPSS para Windows. (3.ª ed). Lisboa: Celta Editora.
Maroco, J., Bispo, R. (2003). Estatística aplicada às ciências sociais e humanas. Lisboa: Climepsi Editores.
Martinez, L. e Ferreira, A. (2007). Análise de dados com o SPSS - primeiros passos. Lisboa: Escolar Editora.